Resources
01
In the News
Measuring data center energy and water use to improve Microsoft Cloud sustainability
Scientists say they can use AI to solve a key problem in the quest for near-limitless clean energy
From the farm to the Super Bowl: Allendale farmer featured in OpenAI commercial
02
Research Papers & Whitepapers
01
Improving energy and water consumption of a data center via air free-cooling economization: The effect weather on its performance
Silva-Llanca, Luis, et al. “Improving energy and water consumption of a data center via air free-cooling economization: The effect weather on its performance.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 292, Sept. 2023, p. 117344
02
Waste heat recoveries in data centers: A review
Yuan, Xiaolei, et al. “Waste heat recoveries in Data Centers: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 188, Dec. 2023, p. 113777
03
District heating utilizing waste heat of a data center: High-temperature heat pumps
Pengtao Wang, et al. "District heating utilizing waste heat of a data center: High-temperature heat pumps." Energy and Buildings, vol. 315, 2024, p. 114327
04
Data centers waste heat recovery technologies: Review and evaluation
Yueting Hao, et al. "Data centers waste heat recovery technologies: Review and evaluation."
Applied Energy, vol. 384, 2025, p. 125489
05
An economic analysis of waste heat recovery and utilization in data centers considering environmental benefits
Caiqing Zhang, et al. "An economic analysis of waste heat recovery and utilization in data centers considering environmental benefits." Sustainable Production and Consumption, volume. 31, 2022, p. 127-138
06
Review of energy efficiency and technological advancements in data center power systems
Ali Khosravi, et al. "Review of energy efficiency and technological advancements in data center power systems." Energy and Buildings, vol. 323, 2024, p.114834
07
Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE™): A Green Grid Data Center Sustainability Metric
Azevedo, Dan, et al. “WATER USAGE EFFECTIVENESS (WUETM): A GREEN GRID DATA CENTER SUSTAINABILITY METRIC.” The Green Grid, 1 Mar. 2011.
08
Understanding the Drivers
of Rising Electricity Rates and
the Role of Data Centers
Beer, Linus, et al. Understanding the Drivers of Rising Electricity Rates And, Energy Environment and Economics, 18 May 2026.
09
2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report
Shehabi, A.; Newkirk, A.; Smith, S.; Hubbard, A.; Lei, N.; Siddik, M., et al. (2024). 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Report #: LBNL-2001637